氟掺杂氧化锡薄膜电活性缺陷密度的太赫兹谱探测

从理论上分析了电场应力前后氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）薄膜的能带结构和传导机理，提取了应力前后FTO薄膜的太赫兹电导率。采用Drude模型对应力前的FTO薄膜太赫兹（THz）电导进行了仿真；采用了Hopping模型对应力后的THz电导进行了仿真，实验与仿真结果一致。结果表明，应力后FTO的电导率提高了3个数量级，源于电场作用下的粒子内作用电导和粒子间作用（陷阱辅助隧穿）电导。通过适合的电导仿真模型，可以清楚地区分出陷阱辅助隧穿电导，从而提取FTO薄膜的陷阱密度。研究结果为利用太赫兹光谱提取半导体薄膜缺陷密度提供了一种便捷的新方法。     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Predicting Initial Formation Temperature for Deep Well Engineering with a New Method

With the progress of science and technology, human beings explore the energy under-ground with thousands of meters. As a thermophysical parameter, initial formation temperature (IFT) plays an essential...     

基于正交设计的陶瓷再生混凝土配合比试验

为提高废旧陶瓷的再生利用率,将陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉作为再生混凝土骨料与掺合料进行再生利用.运用正交设计的试验方法,以陶瓷粉、陶瓷颗粒、再生细骨料、粉煤灰、硅灰为5因素,每个因素设置4个水平,共设计16组配合比方案,进行抗压、导热等试验,得到陶瓷再生混凝土的强度、导热系数等物理力学参数,并寻找出最优配合比.试验结果表明最佳配合比为:陶瓷粉的质量分数为10%,陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为20%,再生细骨料的质量分数为40%,粉煤灰的质量分数为15%,硅灰的质量分数为5%.     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

玻化微珠保温砂浆导热系数模型研究

基于最小热阻力法则和均匀化方法估算了玻化微珠保温砂浆的等效导热系数.用ANSYS模拟玻化微珠保温砂浆二维单元胞体的热传导,发现对热阻网络的横向热阻的极端考虑会给计算结果带来误差.用ANSYS计算的三维单元体模型的等效导热系数值与3种理论计算值进行比较,发现用假设横向热阻无穷小与假设横向热阻无穷大求得的单元体等效热阻的平均值作为单元体的等效热阻来求单元体等效导热系数更精确,最后实验也验证了这一结论.实验值与本文提出的理论模型计算值偏差仅为0.2%,证明用该方法来估算玻化微珠保温砂浆的导热系数是可行的.     

新型固体电解质Li_3PO_4-LiAlO_2的合成及其电化学性能研究

采用固相合成法制备了Li3PO4-LiAlO2固态锂离子电解质材料.研究了摩尔配比、煅烧温度对产物相组成、颗粒形貌、电性能的影响.结果表明:当P/Al化学计量比为1∶1时,煅烧后试样中存在片状的γ-LiAlO2和球状的γ-Li3PO4两相,粒径约为0.5~1μm.当P/Al化学计量比为3∶1时,煅烧后试样主要是Al掺杂的球状γ-Li3PO4固溶体.此样品1 000℃煅烧后,离子电导率为6.4×10-5S/cm,说明Al掺杂能有效提高γ-Li3PO4无机固体电解质离子电导率.1 100℃煅烧后,样品锂离子电导率降低.循环伏安曲线研究表明,Al掺杂γ-Li3PO4无机固体电解质样品在饱和LiNO3水溶液中具有较好的可逆性,其电化学窗口达到1.5V.     

基于TRNSYS的双U型垂直埋管换热器的模拟分析

以长沙市某一实际工程的双U型垂直埋管换热器为研究对象,利用TRNSYS建立了地埋管的仿真模型,通过仿真模型及正交试验设计方法研究夏季影响埋管周围土壤平均温度的因素,并分析了这些因素的影响程度.结果表明:钻井深度、钻井间距、钻井数量及回填材料导热系数对土壤平均温度有不同程度的影响,其中钻井间距的影响尤为明显.最佳钻井间距应为4~5m,回填材料最佳导热系数为1.7~2.1 W/(m·K),钻井最佳深度为60~100m.     

化学法制备石墨烯对环氧树脂导电性能的影响

通过化学氧化热解膨胀还原法制备了石墨烯,并对石墨烯的化学结构及微观形貌进行表征.将自制的石墨烯以及商业级的碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨分别作为纳米导电填料加入到环氧树脂中,考察不同碳纳米材料对环氧树脂导电性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的石墨烯是不同于氧化石墨烯和热解膨胀石墨薄层的单层或少数层的二维材料;当石墨烯体积分数为0.25%时,复合材料的电导率发生渗流突变,而当体积分数增大到0.50%时,其电导率为2.02×10-7 S·m-1,导电性能得到显著增强.     

离子液体在水、乙醇及其混合物中的电导率测定

用电导率仪测定了298.15 K条件下多种离子液体,即1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑溴([Emim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑溴([Bmim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氯([Bmim]Cl)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF4])、1-甲基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯([Mmim][DMP])、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯([Emim][DEP])、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑磷酸二丁酯([Bmim][DBP])以及醋酸钾(KAc)在水、乙醇及其混合溶剂中的电导率数据。结果表明,室温离子液体的电导率顺序为：[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP],该顺序与离子液体的黏度成反比。离子液体在水中的电导率的次序大致为[Emim]Br>[Bmim]Cl[Bmim]Br[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]>[Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP]。离子液体在水中的电导率高于在乙醇中的电导率,且电导率随浓度的增加均先升高后降低。与醋酸钾相比,溶剂变化对离子液体电导率的影响要小得多。离子液体[Mmim][DMP]和[Emim][DEP]能显著提高乙醇水溶液中乙醇的相对挥发度,且盐析作用[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP],这与在混合溶剂中电导率的大小次序是一致的。